【infect的用法及搭配】“infect”是一个常见的动词,表示“感染”或“传染”,常用于描述病菌、病毒等对人或动物的侵害。在日常英语中,“infect”不仅用于医学语境,也常用于比喻意义,如“infect someone with an idea”(向某人灌输一种思想)。以下是对“infect”的用法及常见搭配的总结。
一、基本用法
1. 表示“感染”
- 结构:infect + (sb./sth.) + with + 病原体
- 例句:
- The virus can infect people through the air.
- The bacteria infected the wound and caused an infection.
2. 表示“传染”
- 结构:infect + (sb./sth.) + (with something)
- 例句:
- She infected her classmates with the flu.
- A contaminated water source can infect many people.
3. 比喻用法
- 结构:infect + (sb.) + with + 情绪/想法
- 例句:
- His optimism infected everyone in the room.
- The negative attitude of the team infected the whole project.
二、常见搭配总结表
| 搭配结构 | 含义 | 举例 |
| infect + sb. + with + 疾病/病菌 | 感染某人某种疾病 | infect a person with malaria |
| infect + sth. + with + 病原体 | 某物被某种病原体污染 | infect the food with bacteria |
| infect + sb. + with + 情绪/想法 | 向某人灌输某种情绪或思想 | infect others with hope |
| infect + sth. + with + 某种物质 | 某物被某种物质污染 | infect the soil with chemicals |
三、注意事项
1. 主语和宾语关系:通常“infect”是及物动词,强调“某人/某物”被感染。
2. 被动语态使用:在正式或书面语中,常使用被动语态表达“被感染”。
- 例句:The patient was infected by the virus.
3. 与“contaminate”区别:虽然两者都表示“污染”,但“infect”更强调生物性感染,而“contaminate”则偏向于物理或化学污染。
通过掌握“infect”的不同用法和搭配,可以更准确地在不同语境中使用该词。无论是医学、日常交流还是文学表达,了解其细微差别都有助于提升语言运用能力。


